To wire electric trailer brakes, first, mount the brake control unit in the vehicle and connect it to the brake light switch. Then, run the brake wires from the trailer connector to each brake assembly and connect them to the brake magnets.
Electric trailer brakes are essential for safe towing, especially when hauling heavy loads. Properly wiring these brakes ensures that the trailer stops in sync with the vehicle, providing better control and safety on the road.
This detailed guide will walk you through the process of wiring electric trailer brakes, including the tools and materials you’ll need, a step-by-step procedure, and answers to common questions. Whether you are a novice or an experienced DIYer, this guide will help you wire the trailer brakes correctly and safely.
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Contents
Electric Trailer Brakes
Electric trailer brakes work by using the vehicle’s braking system to activate the brakes on the trailer. When you apply the brakes in the towing vehicle, a signal is sent to the trailer’s brake controller, which then sends a current to the electromagnets in the trailer brakes. These electromagnets engage the brake shoes against the drum, slowing down the trailer.
Key Components of Electric Trailer Brake System
- Brake Controller: A device installed in the tow vehicle that regulates the braking force applied to the trailer brakes.
- Electric Brakes: Located on each trailer wheel, they include electromagnets, brake shoes, and a brake drum.
- Breakaway Switch: An emergency safety feature that activates the trailer brakes if the trailer becomes disconnected from the tow vehicle.
- Wiring Harness: Connects the brake controller to the trailer brakes, including power, ground, and brake control wires.
How to Wire Electric Trailer Brakes
Before you begin wiring the electric trailer brakes, gather the following tools and materials:
Tools Needed
- Wire cutters/strippers
- Crimping tool
- Screwdriver set
- Multimeter (for testing connections)
- Electrical tape or heat shrink tubing
- Drill and drill bits (if needed for mounting)
Materials
- Brake controller
- Wiring harness (with appropriate connectors)
- 10-12 gauge wire (for brake wiring)
- 16-18 gauge wire (for other connections)
- Wire connectors or butt connectors
- Self-tapping screws
- Zip ties (for securing wires)
- Breakaway switch (if not already installed)
Step-by-Step Guide to Wiring Electric Trailer Brakes
Wiring electric trailer brakes can improve braking efficiency and safety when towing. Here’s a step-by-step guide to wiring electric trailer brakes properly.
Step 1: Install the Brake Controller
The brake controller is the command center of the trailer braking system. It’s usually mounted inside the tow vehicle’s cab, near the driver for easy access.
- Choose a Location: Mount the brake controller in a convenient location on the driver’s side of the dashboard. It should be within easy reach and view but not obstructive.
- Connect the Wires: Most brake controllers have four wires: power (12V), ground, brake switch signal, and brake output. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to connect these wires:
- Power (Red): Connect to a 12V power source, usually from the vehicle’s fuse box.
- Ground (White): Connect to a metal surface on the vehicle’s chassis.
- Brake Switch Signal (Blue): Connect to the vehicle’s brake light switch.
- Brake Output (Black): This wire sends the braking signal to the trailer and connects to the brake wire on the vehicle’s 7-way connector.
Step 2: Install the Breakaway Switch (If Needed)
The breakaway switch is a safety device that activates the trailer brakes if the trailer detaches from the tow vehicle. It is usually mounted on the trailer tongue.
- Mount the Breakaway Switch: Install the switch on the trailer frame or tongue, ensuring that the pull cable can be attached to the tow vehicle.
- Wire the Breakaway Switch: Connect one wire from the switch to the positive terminal of the trailer battery. The other wire goes to the trailer brake wire, typically the blue wire in a 7-way connector.
Step 3: Wiring the Trailer Brakes
- Locate the Trailer Brake Wires: On the trailer, the brake wires are usually blue or black. These wires connect to the brake magnets inside the trailer wheels.
- Run the Brake Wires: Run 10-12 gauge wire from the 7-way trailer connector to each brake assembly. Secure the wires along the trailer frame using zip ties or clamps.
- Connect the Brake Wires: At each wheel, connect the brake wire to the positive wire on the brake magnet. The negative wire from the magnet should be connected to a clean ground point on the trailer frame.
Step 4: Wiring the 7-Way Trailer Connector
The 7-way connector is the interface between the tow vehicle and the trailer. It carries signals for the trailer lights, brakes, and battery charging.
- Identify the Wires: The standard color codes for the 7-way connector are:
- White: Ground
- Blue: Electric brakes
- Brown: Tail lights
- Yellow: Left turn signal
- Green: Right turn signal
- Red: Auxiliary power
- Black: Reverse lights
- Connect the Wires: Using a wiring diagram for reference, connect the appropriate wires from the trailer to the 7-way connector. Secure all connections with crimp connectors and insulate with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing.
Step 5: Testing the System
- Test the Connections: Use a multimeter to test the connections between the brake controller and the 7-way connector. Verify that the brake controller is receiving power and that the brake signal is being sent to the trailer.
- Test the Trailer Brakes: With the trailer connected to the tow vehicle, apply the brakes and check that the trailer brakes engage. You can also manually activate the brake controller to test the brakes.
Step 6: Final Adjustments
- Adjust the Brake Controller Settings: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to set the brake controller sensitivity and braking force based on your towing load.
- Secure All Wires: Ensure that all wires are securely fastened and not hanging loose. Use zip ties to tidy up any excess wiring.
Credit: www.championtrailers.com
Frequently Asked Questions
Here are some FAQs about wire electric trailer brakes –
1. How do I know if my trailer is equipped with electric brakes?
Electric brakes can be identified by the presence of brake magnets inside the drum assembly and a blue brake wire running to each wheel. You can also check for a 7-way trailer connector, which is usually required for trailers with electric brakes.
2. What size wire should I use for trailer brakes?
For the brake wiring, use 10-12 gauge wire. This size can handle the current required to power the brake magnets and ensures efficient braking performance.
3. Do I need a brake controller for my trailer brakes?
Yes, a brake controller is necessary for electric trailer brakes. It regulates the amount of braking force applied to the trailer and allows you to manually activate the brakes if needed.
4. Can I install electric trailer brakes myself?
Yes, you can install electric trailer brakes yourself if you have basic mechanical and electrical skills. However, if you are unsure about the process, it’s best to seek professional assistance to ensure safety and proper functionality.
5. Why aren’t my trailer brakes working even though they are wired correctly?
If your trailer brakes are not working, check the brake controller settings and ensure it is correctly connected to the brake signal wire. Also, inspect the brake magnets and wiring for any signs of damage or wear.
Conclusion
Wiring electric trailer brakes is a critical task that ensures the safety and control while towing. By following this comprehensive guide, you can successfully wire the trailer brakes and maintain their optimal performance.
Remember to regularly inspect and test the brake system, and if you encounter any issues, consult a professional for assistance. Properly wired trailer brakes will give you peace of mind on the road, allowing you to tow safely and confidently.